Saturday, December 21, 2019

Karl Marx s The German Ideology - 2228 Words

In The German Ideology, Karl Marx explores and attempts to shape a definition of ideology. Marx says that ideology is the production of ideas, of conceptions, of consciousness, all that men say, imagine, conceive (Blunden). Marx goes on to say that this includes language of politics, laws, morality, religion, metaphysics, etc. (Leitch 655). Subscribing to the idea of base and superstructure, Marx identifies ideology as the superstructure of a civilization. The dominating ideas of a society are what fabricates our conventions and culture. Marx finds, to not much surprise, that the dominant ideas of the time are determined by the dominant, ruling class. Marx claims that the dominant and ruling class is dominant and ruling because of the ideas that are really just an ideal representation of the dominant material relationships. Marx, being a leader in political and economical theory, yearned to understand the structure of ideas that form the ideology of our past and present, and even made predictions for our future. One common theme in ideology of past and present is the idea of a dominant social class over another. In order to keep the lower social class subservient to the upper class, ideology works to obfuscate the exploitation and, in more serious cases, the violence that occurs between the classes. Consider the exploitation that occurred between the slaves and owners in tribal society, the peasantry and nobles in feudal society, and occurs between the proletariatShow MoreRelatedThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1507 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx A German philosopher, economist, journalist and revolutionary scientist, Marx was best known for his work in economics. He laid the foundations for today s theories of labor and capital. 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(Rà ¼hle, 1943) Marx eventually switched from studying law to study philosophy, in which he gained his doctorate degree at Jena in. (Calhoun, Gerteis, Moody, Pfaff, Virk, 2012) Marx was known for being not only a social critic but also an economist. Marx is also known to have close working ties to Frederick Engels, a fellow sociologistRead More Biography of Karl Marx Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesBiography of Karl Marx Karl Marx was a professional intellectual and philosopher. Throughout Marxs life, chance meetings with other professional intellectuals and philosophers helped guide Marx to his final destination. Although Marx died in March of 1883, some 122 years ago, his theories are still being studied, and in some cases, used in some governments. In his lifetime Marx explored many different social settings and groups. His final accumulation of work can be found inRead MoreKarl Marx, The Philosopher, And Revolutionary Socialist1068 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx was the philosopher, social scientist, and revolutionary socialist during the 19th century. He was born in Prussia, on May 5, 1818, into a wealthy middle-class family. His father was disqualified from being a lawyer because he was Jewish so he converted to another religion. Karl attended a Lutheran Elementary School, but later became a non-believer of any God and a person that believes physical matter is all that is real. Karl graduated from Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium at the age seventeenRead MoreKarl Marx And The German Ideology1437 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Long before our time, two prominent German philosophers emerged at the forefront of ideology and thinking. These two men were Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche who pioneered the idea of truths, religion, reality, etc. Karl Marx’s essay, â€Å"The German Ideology,† otherwise known as Marxism, focused upon the materialistic processes that brought life into our world and the abuse of the burgeouse on the proletariat. This theory later went on to found the core beliefs of communism and playedRead More Biography of Karl Marx Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesBiography of Karl Marx Karl Marx, the author of the Communist Manifesto, is viewed to be one of the greatest social thinkers of his time. His social, political and economical thoughts are still highly regarded today. The life of this man is stamped with many accomplishments and ideas that have been adopted by many prominent figures. As a historian, philosopher, and revolutionary, Karl Marx has helped shaped the society of the past, present and future. Karl Marx was born

Friday, December 13, 2019

The Relationship between Education and Income Free Essays

I TheRelationship between Educion and Income The basic aim of this study is to analyze the link between instruction and income degree. For this ground primary information of marketing staff of Engro Corporation was gathered. This research included 40 functionaries of Engro Corporation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship between Education and Income or any similar topic only for you Order Now We gave study paper or questionnaire to all of them and besides informed them the ground behind this study so they give right replies. Introduction Education is the chief pillar for any country’s economic sustainability. Education ever play a major function in promotion of any state. Education plays a cardinal function in heightening human values of any state. In many parts of the universe, instruction is good known as built-in portion of human rights. Now instruction is considered more of import than of all time because the universe is going a planetary small town so more and more competition is out at that place. Technology and new innovations are distributing by each passing twenty-four hours. Therefore to get by with this challenge of progress tech epoch states need to bring forth more and more educated and gifted population. As a consequence, poorness and favoritism eliminates itself. For all underdeveloped states it’s of import to transport out all possible attempts to educate their people. Resulting in better homo life criterions, better economic growing and more and more productiveness in all economic sectors. Pakistan as a developing state, it’s in country’s favour to increase literacy rate which automatically decrease poorness ratio in state and addition and prolong societal well-being. With each passing twenty-four hours, demand of skilled and educated workers is increasing in all parts of the universe. This demand proves that both instruction and income are built-in portion of each other. More educated people in state consequences more ratio of income per capita. As literacy rate in Pakistan is really low as comparison to SAARC states. In past few old ages Pakistan authorities seeking to diminish this illiteracy spread. To accomplish this end Government of Pakistan is increasing figure of schools and enrolling good experienced and skilled instructors in all states of Pakistan. More over authorities chief accent is on primary instruction, as primary instruction is the anchor of instruction construction. Due to all these attempts by the authorities, in recent old ages encouraging consequences are popped up. But still there is long long manner to travel. Besides one instruction system is the demand of clip so that every pupil get equal chance to acquire same criterion of instruction so there is no favoritism and stumbling among rich and hapless. Some other factors besides leave immense impact on degree of income. Training and experience despite of the instruction are besides really of import portion to increase or keep degree of income. The degree of demand that exists for the type of labour you are skilled/trained/educated to supply. How long you have been making that peculiar occupation, senior status societal networking and dependability are besides really of import portion. This study is based upon following aims: To detect the verifiable nexus between instruction and income degree. To detect link between the variables itself. To detect short tally relationship between variables. To detect the possibility of causality effects between the variables in Pakistan. Population The population is infinite for this research and all the marketing staff of Engro corporation of Pakistan is included in the population. Target population The population which is traveling to be studied here are the selling employees of Engro corporation of Pakistan Appropriate sampling Techniques A ) Simple Random Sampling The appropriate ground to utilize the simple random trying that, it allows each point in the population to be included in the sample with equal chance of being selected. B ) Stratified trying It is appropriate as the selling staff of Engro corporation of Pakistan can be divided into different groups on the footing of their appellation, inducements and some other similarities. After doing these groups any component from any group can be selected in the sample. C )Convenience Sampling As no planning is required for this sampling and the research worker can choose any sample which is most convenient for him or her so this sampling technique can besides be used. Adopted Sampling Technique Convenience sampling is adopted for this research The restriction involved in this sampling is that, any sort of biasness could go on during trying. For illustration, convenience sample can take to the under-representation or over-representation of peculiar groups within the sample. Sample Size for Current Study 40 selling forces are selected as a sample for this research Nature of Datas The nature of informations for this research is primary. Data aggregation tools/Sources As the nature of informations is primary for research so: The questionnaire was used for the aggregation of informations and it is given bellow Gender Male ( B ) Female 2 ) What is your instruction degree? ( a ) Matriculation ( B ) Bachelors or below ( degree Celsius ) Maestro or above 3 ) What is your per month income? ( a ) Below 20,000 ( B ) 20,000 to 40,000 ( degree Celsius ) Above 40,000 2 ) The inquiries for this research are self created and these are selected for the questionnaire because they are relevant to our research. 3 ) Numerical graduated table is used for the above questionnaire because it is largely used for ordinal informations or where there is some interval in the information. Data disposal Procedure As the information under our consideration is primary so: The questionnaire were delivered to the respondents by manus. We told the respondents about our research intent so they were ready to give serious response. By manus the questionnaires were collected back from the respondents Software for Data Analysis SPSS is used for the analysis for the information in this research. Calciferolata Analysis Descriptive Statisticss Nitrogen Mean Std. Deviation instruction 40 1.6250 .74032 income degree 40 2.0000 .78446 Valid N ( list wise ) 40 income degree Frequency Percentage Valid Percentage Accumulative Percentage below 20000 12 30.0 30.0 30.0 20000 to 40000 16 40.0 40.0 70.0 above 40000 12 30.0 30.0 100.0 Entire 40 100.0 100.0 The information shows In the sample of 40 selling forces ofEngrOCorporation of Pakistanthere are 12 employees whose income is below the 20000 and 16 employees holding income in between 20000 to 40000 and there are merely 12 employees who are holding the income above 40000. Education Frequency Percentage Valid Percentage Accumulative Percentage matriculation 21 52.5 52.5 52.5 unmarried mans or below 13 32.5 32.5 85.0 Masterss or above 6 15.0 15.0 100.0 Entire 40 100.0 100.0 The information shows In the sample of 40 selling forces ofEngrOCorporation of Pakistanthere are 21 employees holding matriculation grade and 13 are unmarried mans and merely 6 holding the maestro grades. gender Frequency % Valid % Accumulative % male 33 82.5 82.5 82.5 female 7 17.5 17.5 100.0 Entire 40 100.0 100.0 The information shows In the sample of 40 selling forces ofEngro Corporation of Pakistanthere are 33 employees are male and merely 7 are females. Education degree ( Variable ) N=40 Mean=1.6250 Standard Deviation=0.74032 Income degree ( Variable ) N=40 Mean=2 Standard Deviation=0.78446 . SecondtatisticalHypothesiss The best manner to find whether a statistical hypothesis is true would be to see the whole population. Since that is frequently impractical, research workers use a random sample from the population. There are two types of statistical hypotheses. Null hypothesis. The void hypothesis, denoted by H0, is normally the hypothesis that sample observations result strictly from opportunity. Alternate hypothesis. The alternate hypothesis, denoted by H1or Ha, is the hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by some non-random cause. Study Hypothesis The hypothesis for this research is ( H1 ) Income degree is dependent of instruction. ( Ho ) Income degree is independent of instruction Appropriate Analysis In our research we are seeking to happen out the independency of income degree with regard to the instruction so the trial of independency ( Chi-square ) will be used for the analysis of the above said subject. Chi-Square Trial Education Observed N Expected N Residual Matriculation 21 13.3 7.7 unmarried mans or below 13 13.3 -.3 Masterss or above 6 13.3 -7.3 Entire 40 img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1565757.003.png" Chi Square trial give us the undermentioned tabular arraies in it the Observed Frequency of matriculation employees are 21 and Expected Frequencies 13.3 the remainders are 7 and 13 ascertained frequences of unmarried mans and remainders are -3 and in Masterss 1303 are observed and -7.3 remainders mean the informations are non explicating them. Income degree Observed N Expected N Residual below 20000 12 13.3 -1.3 20000 to 40000 16 13.3 2.7 above 40000 12 13.3 -1.3 Entire 40 Trial Statisticss instruction income degree Chi-Square 8.450a .800a Df 2 2 Asymp. Sig. .015 .670 a. 0 cells ( .0 % ) have expected frequences less than 5. The lower limit expected cell frequence is 13.3. The Chi Square expression is X2 = ( O – Tocopherol ) 2/E where O is the Ascertained Frequency. Tocopherol is the Expected Frequency in the corresponding class is  ­sum of df is the â€Å" grade of freedom † ( n-1 ) X2 is Chi Square. As the value of chi-square for instruction is greater than 0.5 so it is concluded that the income degree is dependent of instruction so void hypothesis is rejected for this research†¦ Hydrogenistogram A histogram is a graphical representation of the data..the informations should be quantitative veriables. It is foremost introduced by Karl Pearson. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1565757.004.png"/ The figure shows the information is usually distributed and histogram is symmetric or normal. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1565757.005.png"/ In the instance of Education the figure shows the histogram is right skewed and more educated employees holding more income and less educated employees holding low income. Calciferoliscussion andConclusion We get a Equation as Simple Equation: More Education = More Income The findings indicate that instruction factors play a important function in doing income.there is direct relation ship between income and instruction as the income addition instruction besides addition. Besides suggest that giving more to instruction is to cut down the degree of income inequality within a country..As state can construct a strong foundation for economic success by puting in instruction. States can increase the strength of their economic systems and their ability to turn and derive high-wage employers by puting in instruction and bettering figure of knowing employees. Investing in instruction is besides best for province s in the long tally, since workers with higher incomes make portion more through revenue enhancements over the class of their life-times. So in Pakistan there is demand to increase Govt budget for instruction so everyone can acquire instruction.As largely people have low income either by ain ego or parents so they don’t continue their surveies so literacy rate is up and frailty versa income degree low.in our state as instruction disbursals is really high a adult male holding low income cann ot continue the ducation and cant participate in growing of economic system of their state. Calciferolirections for future Research 1.Future research should see some other veriables like accomplishments, experience, competency, diligence, fortune, 2.It should be addressed to increase the apprehension. 3.This survey was merely on corporate sector of Pakistan, but it should be conducted in other sectorsof state. 4.In this stresearch information was primary holding few variables ; if this restriction can be increase in the hereafter so consequences will be moreaccurate. 5. Future research should be done into different Sectors so as to detect the consequence of income on instruction at international degree. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1565757.006.jpg"/ How to cite The Relationship between Education and Income, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Strategic Outsourcing - Leveraging Knowledge Capabilities @VMI

Questions: 1. Explain how P Gs use of VMI is structured and how VMI is employed to help reduce bullwhip and improve supply chain co-ordination. 2. List using bullet points the likely reasons that resulted in demand versus supply variance at Cisco. Draw a diagram of the new supply chain arrangement. Tabulate the possible advantages and disadvantages of this new approach? 3. Identify a key order winner for HP, P G and Xilinx. Explain how the supply chain for each organisation is constructed (or could be constructed) to support this order winner. Answers: 1. Procter and Gamble (PG), founded in the year 1837 in Cincinnati, of Ohio, leads in the production of everyday used products worldwide. It has almost 129,000 employees working globally serving people with almost 300 brands (Pgeveryday.com, 2015). The company deals with the manufacture of cosmetics, beauty products, deodorants and antiperspirants, hair care products, personal cleansing products, hair colour, skin care products and hair styling products as well. Few of the recognised brands under PG are Wella, Pantene, and Olay (Pgshop.com, 2016). It also provides personal care products for men, products related to health care, household products, products for family care and fabric care. The company functions in 180 countries approximately through the retailers (Pg.com, 2016). Recently, the managers of the supply chain noticed demand fluctuations on a high note for various key brands that included diapers Pampers as well. After proper examination by the managers, it was found that though the consumer purchase rate was relatively constant, the order variability increased upstream at a significant rate. For the betterment of supply within the chain, PG brought in a new system known as the vendor-managed inventory system (VMI). This strategy is widely accepted and has gained much popularity within the industry of consumer goods (Esper and Russell Crook, 2014). PG is a recognisable company among the other goods industry selling consumer products. It has utilised VMI to ensure proper customer coordination for 30 years or more. By the introduction of this system, the sale of diapers reached 75000 per week from 25000 per week within a period of three weeks (PG bizjournals, 2015). This system provides ample beneficial opportunities to the manufacturers as well as the retailers (Ross, 2013). PG is always focused on improvement and that is why they decided to shift to a modernized VMI platform and chose Data alliance as the partner because it provides a cost-effective and flexible solution. PG is devoted to increased sales value within the integrated supply chain, and VMI, being an important element plays a vital part in achieving the desired objective (Esper and Russell Crook, 2014). Bullwhip effect states that the variability in demand increases as someone moves upward in a supply chain. The phenomenon means that information and goods dont move according to the quantity required within the chain of supply. VMI creates coordination between the participant and the producer (Brow, Bessant and Lamming, 2013). 2. Cisco is a major manufacturing component that produces electronic products, under the technology company, Xilinx. Previously, Xilinx supplied the components through technology business distributors like Avnet (Cisco.com, 2015). At a certain point of their relationship, a variance was noted between quantities of components supplied and produced by Xilinx and quantities needed by Cisco through the distributors. This happened due to the following reasons: Major downturn took place in the market and much time was needed by the industry (electronics) to recover. Lean behaviour dictated low inventories. Excess standardisation eliminated product differentiation. Redundancy increased cost which was not affordable by the customers. The quality of the products degraded in making the product quick and fast to the market that reduced reliability from the customers. The above mentioned factors caused a variation in the demand and supply chain (Ross, 2013). LAM or Lean Assets Management enhances the chain of supply of Cisco through proper analysis of the process and initiation of enabled technologies that improves the level of service, costs of operation, risks and inventory investments (Heizer and Render, 2014). The following diagram illustrates the new supply chain: Service Level Costs of Operation Risks Inventory Investments Figure 1: New Supply Chain Model (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012) The advantages that can be derived from the above diagram are (Fawcett, S.E., Ellram, L.M. and Ogden, J.A., 2014): The levers have the ability to be pulled jointly or individually to improve the quality of performance thereby increasing the productivity. Organisational objectives can be achieved through proper strategies or service level. The operational costs can be made affordable to expect best returns in terms of inventory investments. Costs can be reduced to provide fundamental break-fix services. It enables new value-added services of higher margin. Customer intimacy increases, thereby increasing the product usage. It satisfies the needs of the customers at the earliest. Outsourcing reduces the level of risks within the company by handing over various ill-performed tasks that were performed previously by the company to experts of the third party (Hill, Jones and Schilling, 2014). This particular supply chain also has certain limitations (Crandall, Crandall and Chen, 2015). They are: This management system is quite expensive because the expertise that is needed at all organizational levels comes at high premium investments rates. It heavily depends on outsourcing that proves disadvantageous because heavy cost is incurred in receiving materials from the business entity or third party. Variety and customer preferences suffer when unit costs are minimised. This is a traditional method of mass production which is not accepted by the modern, sophisticated customers who prefer variety in the products they demand. Modern customers follow the recent or latest trend that is highly affected by the lean method in the chain of supply (Ross, 2013). 3. The problems of inventory reduction and time for order fulfillment faced by Hewlett-Packard (HP) were reduced by implementing Velocity Factor. The areas where the improvements were done were a reduction in inventory of raw materials, an increase in performance of on-time delivery, drop in time of fulfilling orders and reducing response time for the factories. It was realised that improvements in the above mentioned areas helped HP to maintain the top most position in the competitive sector but more actions were needed to lead the industrial era in the near future. The main problem faced by HP was coordinating supply with demand. The two key elements of this problem were firstly: components erosion over time was of high value and secondly demand pattern was inherently volatile. Most of the products had a unique pattern and these unique elements would become highly obsolete if such products were left unused. Common elements faced and suffered erosion of high value due to the high pa cing industry (Bastin, 2014). To reduce these difficulties, flexibility was required at the floor level to obtain inventory sitting as well as becoming obsolete. Hewlett-Packard needed to sketch a substitute model of production-planning in order to cope up with high variability. It was then they designed velocity factor whose underlying concepts are disaggregating the process of order fulfillment, parallel processing, outsourcing and workforce flexibility. They made a change in their process of supply chain by implementing the use of late differentiation. These changes helped HP to maintain the leading position in the target market (Esper and Russell Crook, 2014). Now coming to the PG group, it has its own business strategies to elude people and improve their chain of supply (Esper and Russell Crook, 2014). The core strengths of PG are in understanding target consumers, coming out with innovative ideas, building the brand name, scaling the products, going for a proper market survey and increasing productivity (PG Market Research, 2015). To understand the customers and their requirements, proper research is done on a daily basis to serve them better. This helps in better communication with the target consumers (Bastin, 2014). Creating innovative products is a major component of winning a place in the market. The contributions from the external sector help the company to gain consistent recognition day by day. PG being a leading brand, it focuses on product categories to improve them. Its main strengths have been already discussed. Across the globe, they have various recognisable brands with very high annual sales. PG is recognised as the leader of the industry in a number of fields that include company strategies that are clear, brands with a definite purpose, business fundamentals with a strong base and innovative programs and household products. PG has a large-scale business as it covers a wide area globally. This allows in sharing knowledge, transferring technologies, optimising the flow of resources and spending to serve customers in the best way by improving productivity and efficiency. Productivity is made systematic by improving cash performance and sales profit, enabling ongoing investment for proper business growth, creating innovative products and introducing new markets and channels (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012). Xilinx, is a technology company in America, which supplies logic devices for programming. As the demand for logic devices continued growing, Xilinxs profits and revenues also started growing. The company that provided funds to Xilinx was bought by Xilinxs main competitor AMD. This resulted in the expansion of the company area to about 13,400 meter square in California to compete with companies like Apple Inc., HP, Sun Microsystems and IBM (Hoovers.com, 2015). It has tools designed in modern techniques, to provide the best results desired by the potential consumers (Xilinx.com, 2016). For a perfect order win, all the above mentioned companies should follow few priorities in the competitive field along with the operational strategies. They should offer affordable costs, proper safety, flexibility in rules, wide range of goods, increasing demands, improved quality of goods and services, recognisable brands, speedy delivery of products, variability in the products or services sold, proper environment for selling goods, technical support and after-sales service to potential customers to gain their trust and thereby maintain long-term relationships with them. The strategies they should adopt include alternative designs and processing types, outsourcing and integration of supply chain, inventory investments, trade-off analysis and improved technology (Bowersox, 2013). Support services, work force, compensation system and innovation levels help in improving the infrastructure of these companies. References Brown, S., Bessant, J. and Lamming, R. (2013).Strategic Operations Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Carter, C.R. and Liane Easton, P., 2011. Sustainable supply chain management: evolution and future directions.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,41(1), pp.46-62. Esper, T. and Russell Crook, T. (2014). Supply Chain Resources: Advancing Theoretical Foundations and Constructs.J Supply Chain Manag, p.n/a-n/a. Fawcett, S.E., Ellram, L.M. and Ogden, J.A., 2014.Supply chain management: from vision to implementation. London: Pearson. Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012.Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan Hill, C., Jones, G. and Schilling, M., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hubbard, G., Rice, J. and Galvin, P., 2014.Strategic management. Pearson Australia. Kovacevic, R., Pflug, G. and Vespucci, M. (2013).Handbook of risk management in energy production and trading. New York: Springer. Quinn, J.B. and Strategy, E.S., 2013. Strategic outsourcing: leveraging knowledge capabilities.Image,34. Ross, D.F., 2013.Competing through supply chain management: creating market-winning strategies through supply chain partnerships. Springer Science Business Media. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R. and Magazine, M. eds., 2012.Quantitative models for supply chain management(Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2011.Concepts in strategic management and business policy. Pearson Education India. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Protests and music of the Vietnam War

Introduction The Vietnam War was perhaps the worst war the U.S. ever took part in. The government suffered massive losses, and the war substantially tainted its image. As the war progressed, the government faced great set-backs because public were totally against the war.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Protests and music of the Vietnam War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government had lied to the public about the intentions of the war but as the 60’s decade came to an end, war veterans brought the truth home. This was amid an announcement by President Nixon that the war had escalated to Cambodia. As the public absorbed the announcement, and the truth behind the war, they were angered by the fact that many American lives had been lost in the war, and the fact that the government was still directing young-adult males to go to Vietnam. Mass protests, that had begun earlier, increased with stud ents forming the frontline of the protesters. Anti-protest police killed and injured a number of the protesters leading to even more protests, and irresponsibility during the protests as protesters quelled their anger. These protests continued until the government made a decision to withdraw troops from the war. Music and Vietnam War The Vietnam War led to an era of music that can be associated entirely with the events of the war. Music was part of the war as soldiers used in many occasions during the war. This can even be evidenced by the number of movies produced after the Vietnam War because the movies were characterized by battle scenes that have music playing in the background. An example is the movie Forrest Gump. The troops in the Vietnam War had their own music tastes. A good example of a track that was popular among American troops is the song We Gotta Get Out of this Place. The song Happy Birthday Abey Baby also became popular during this time because of its message, which reflects the racial aspects of the Vietnam War. Another popular song was the track, â€Å"We Will All Go Down Together† (Miller 1), which is done by Billy Joel.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During the war itself, soldiers had tapes which they were fond of listening to even as they engaged in gun battles. There were a lot of references to music by the troops as the war progressed. For instance, before soldiers fired their guns, they would sometimes say that they were â€Å"ready to rock n’ roll† (Fish 1). Additionally, as bullets or missiles were fired from a helicopter, the phrase, â€Å"Puff the Magic Dragon†, was commonly used. Even more surprising is the fact that in certain areas, music would be playing from loud speakers as the combat progressed. An example of a song that was commonly played during combat is the song â€Å"Night in W hite Satin† done by Moody Blues. People who had the privilege to have been alive during the Vietnam War agree that music had a special role to play during the war period. In fact most of these people, who are grannies now, recommend several songs to anyone wishing to know what went on during the Vietnam War. They recommend that one listens to the message being passed by the artists of the time, and the deep meaning of the songs. The message in the music was that of a people desperate for peace in a war-torn world. Some of the tracks showed how the government had misrepresented its intentions in the Vietnam War, and how the public was angry towards the government’s decision to be involved in the Vietnam War (Tuso 9). It is for this reason that the 1960 decade went down in the books of performance-music history as the decade that had a record number of concerts, and number of people in concerts, in comparison with what was experienced before the decade. Effects of the mus ic The discussed anti-war music had great socio-economic and political implications for the American government, specifically in relation to decisions about the war in Vietnam.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Protests and music of the Vietnam War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The anti-war music took the American youth of the 1960’s; especially college students to a high level as far as political matters are concerned. The anti-war musicians gave clear messages to the youth of the time; that the country had gone to political dogs, and it was time the public took control of their own destiny. With time it was apparent that the young generation was very alert on political matters, and that the youth was not going to watch as the government misrepresented facts about the situation in Vietnam. Moreover, some combat veterans were already returning from the war and unearthing the government secrets a bout the intention of the war in the first place. The social climate that was created by the presence of people who knew the truth about the war, and the presence of musicians whose lyrics and music were a reflection of the collective conscience of the public, saw the end of an unjust and barbaric war, which the government had been sweeping under the carpet with the tag â€Å"police action† (Schifferes 1). Protests against the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was characterized by so many protests that it can be confidently argued that the protests marked the greatest anti-war movement in the history of the United States. The protests were sparked early in the 1960’s, during which they were based in colleges and large cities. With time, however, troops in Vietnam grew to more than half a million Americans. This was after 1964. After the increased presence of American troops in Vietnam, the public grew more restless, and protests became more serious and frequent (Sayre 1). By the close of the decade, hundreds of thousands of American citizens were protesting at various locations all over the nation. The year 1970 saw the peak of the protests as the public was angered by several attempts by the police to quell the protests. This was after four students who had been involved in a peaceful demonstration at the Ohio’s Kent State University were shot dead and other nine students injured by gunshots. These atrocities were carried out by the National Guard Troops in an attempt by the government to contain the situation created by the mass protests against the war in Vietnam.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This increased the protests, with some protests being accompanied by violence, bombings, vandalisms and arson. The students were expressing their anger towards the shedding of blood in the Kent State protest by government agents, as well as expressing their displeasure of the government’s involvement in the Vietnam War. By the end of the year 1974, American troops had been withdrawn from Vietnam, and the protests had also subsided (Miller 1). The puppet regime that was in Vietnam before the war had also collapsed, and thus the Vietnamese were no longer under foreign colonization. President Nixon had made an announcement during the last day of April in 1970 that the war had extended to the neighboring Cambodia. This was, perhaps the motivation behind the protests at Kent State. The killing of the four students, as well as the announcement that the war had escalated, led to an increase in the intensity and volume of the protests in terms of protesters. The four killed were stud ents at the Kent State University, which is based in Ohio. This was the inspiration behind the song Ohio done by Young, Crosby, Nash and Stills. During the first week of May, there was a general strike for lauding antiwar protests in Oklahoma University. Close to a thousand protesters went to the streets with one of the protesters displaying a communist flag belonging to Vietnam. He was arrested by the police under the Oklahoma law. This led to angry exchanges between the protesters and a number of police and highway patrol officers. Several protesters sustained injuries during the exchanges and other three protesters were arrested (Garrity 1). This led to mass protests by the students in response to the arrest of the student who had unfolded the Vietnam flag. This, combined with protests in other states like Ohio, created an environment that could be regarded as that of pure protests. Effects of the protests The protests that took place during the Vietnam War shaped the socio-econo mic and political set-up of the United States significantly. Prior to this, protests were being taken seriously, and the public was not properly protected against the atrocities of the police during peaceful protests. The Kent State killings, in particular, led to development of appropriate laws for freedom of expression that were tailored to ensure that the public is able to express its displeasure towards the excesses of the government, and other similar issues. Apart from this, the fact that the Vietnam War ended in the year 1974, barely a decade after the U.S. sent troops to Vietnam, can be attributed to the contribution of the public unrest. The protests had peaked in 1970 and thus the ending of the war in 1974 can be seen as an indication that the protests made a great contribution towards efforts to end the war. The protests also revealed the fact that the ultimate power of making political decisions rests on the public, but not the political class (Fish 1). This is because a ll the senators were unanimous about the decision to send troops to Vietnam. As mentioned above, the war protests led to development of a more conducive climate for expression. Thus after the war, courtesy of the protests, people had more freedom of expression than before. Relationship between music and protests Music formed a very important part of the protests that took place against the Vietnam War. Most of the music that was played during the time was a motivation for protests against the War in Vietnam. For example, the song Ohio done by Young, Crosby, Nash and Stills was used to call the public for more action after the killing of the aforementioned Kent State students. In the year 1969 the song, Fortunate Son was released by the band Creedence Clearwater. The song was a protest song dedicated to the youth who were being forced to be involved in the Vietnam War. Some of the lyrics of the song include a line that says, â€Å"It ain’t me, I ain’t no senatorâ€℠¢s son, I ain’t no fortune one† (Garrity 1). Another part of the song says, â€Å"When the band plays hail to the chief, they point the cannon at you† (Garrity 1), depicting the cruelty that the protesters were facing from the military. The songs were therefore meant to act as motivations for unrest. Music was also a consolation for the masses since they had been failed by their political representatives and thus they needed somebody with whom they shared the same sentiments. The music played during this time also had a number of cultural influences. For instance, the impact of The Beatles was so enormous that the members of the group were trendsetters for the society. For instance, they were responsible for the popularity of long hair among boys. They set a record 21 hits that topped charts during the time. This record has never been beaten by any other band. Their popularity was so great during the time that the guitar player of the group, one John Lennon, was prompted to think that his group was â€Å"more popular than Jesus† (Streich 1). Of course this statement attracted substantial outcries from religious crusaders but all he meant was that The Beatles were unimaginably popular. Conclusion As evidenced in the discussion above, the Vietnam War was characterized by the largest anti-war protests ever experienced in the history of America. These protests were mainly caused by the fact that the real reason of America’s involvement in the Vietnam War was not known to the public. The public also saw carelessness on the part of the government, and ill intentions. This was aggravated by the government’s requirement of young-adult males to be involved in the war after college in the late 1960’s. This requirement made college students to be actively involved in the protests, which saw a number of students being killed, and others injured by anti-protest police. After a number of violent incidences involving students a nd the police, specifically the Kent State shootings and protests in several other universities, the protests increased and the number of people being involved in a single episode of protests also increased. This situation continued until the U.S. government started withdrawing troops from Vietnam in the early 70’s. The Vietnam War was also characterized by great music influence. After losing confidence in the government, artists started producing songs with lyrics that were a message to either the government or the public regarding the Vietnam War. The songs therefore acted as a consolation to the masses because they no longer had confidence in their government. The influence of the anti-war music was so much that even the troops in Vietnam used phrases that were actually lines from the lyrics of certain anti-war songs. They even listened to music played via loudspeakers in some areas as they engaged in combat. However, the greatest influence of the anti-war music was the fa ct that it fuelled protests and thus acted as a motivation for revolting against the Vietnam War. All in all, anti-war music and protests remain in the minds of every American citizen who witnessed the activities of the Vietnam War. The war is mostly remembered when people reminisce about the protests or when people listen to the anti-war music. Works Cited Fish, Lydia. â€Å"Songs of Americans in the Vietnam War†. 1993. Web. Garrity, Patrick. â€Å"Music and the Remembrance of War†. 2006.  Web. Miller, John. â€Å"Vietnam War Protests†. Oklahoma Historical Society. 2009. Web. Sayre, James. â€Å"Late 1960’s and early 1970’s anti-Vietnam war protests, social and political background notes and a short discussion of some of the best rock ‘n roll music of the times†. 2008.  Web. Schifferes, Steve. â€Å"Vietnam: The Music of Protest†. 2005.  Web. Streich, Michael. â€Å"Vietnam War Protest Music†. 2010.  Web. Tuso, J oseph. Singing the Vietnam Blues: Folksongs of the American Fighter Pilot in Southeast Asia. College Station: Texas A and M Press, 1990. This research paper on Protests and music of the Vietnam War was written and submitted by user Kinsley Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Honest Iagos Truth through Deception

Honest Iagos Truth through Deception Free Online Research Papers William Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice,† is a masterpiece that displays the innate inner characters of mankind, both good and bad. It demonstrates the dangers of corrupt emotion and poisonous lies, as the villain destroys the lives of nearly everyone to convince Othello that his new bride is being unfaithful. The story reveals each character in their most simple form, by displaying their greatest weakness or vice. The catalyst that reveals to us each character’s truest emotions and qualities is the play’s villain, Iago. The character description at the beginning of the play presents Iago simply as â€Å"a villain† (1368). Describing Iago as a mere villain seems almost an understatement as the play progresses, and we gain full insight into Iago’s deceptive and wicked actions. Yet, throughout the story he is most frequently referred to as â€Å"honest Iago† by nearly every known character. Despite Iago’s mal iciously foul and deceitful actions, he earns his title of â€Å"honest Iago† in his ability to portray the other character’s inner personalities through his exploitation of their weaknesses. Through the mechanism of deception, Iago uncovers to the readers: Brabantio’s concealed racism, Cassio’s vanity, and Othello’s insecurity, possessiveness, and jealousy. At the play’s beginning, Iago incites Roderigo’s assistance in announcing to Desdemona’s father, Brabantio, that she has secretly married Othello. Iago hopes to spur Brabantio’s fury by kindling his racial tendencies, and despite Roderigo being left with the duty of informing Brabantio of the secret marriage, it is Iago that begins provoking the racial tensions. Iago first refers to Othello as â€Å"the old black ram† and Desdemona the â€Å"white ewe,† (1.1.90-91). This reference to a black ram insinuates correspondence with the devil, as the devil is often depicted as a black ram, as well as blatantly referring to him as the devil later. These implications by Iago later lead Brabantio to accuse Othello of devilry by using â€Å"spells and medicines† (1.3.63) to bewitch his daughter, an utter attack on Othello because of his color, as blacks were often associated with witchcraft and devilry at this time. Brabantio twice verbalizes his obvious distaste for blacks, the first being in Scene II when he tells Othello that without spells, Desdemona would never have ran to his â€Å"sooty bosom† (1.2.71) when she had already turned down the wealthy white men that had already wooed her. He further attacks Othello for his color when in front of the council, in Scene III, when he refers to Desdemona as â€Å"Being not deficient, blind, or lame of sense,† (1.3.65) as part of his arguments that Othello had bewitched Desdemona, inferring that Desdemona was not so unintelligent nor blind, as to have willingly chosen a black husband. But it was Iago that first instrumented the ideas of devilry and racism that caused Brabantio’s racism to come bubbling forth during his defense to the council, without which we may have never seen this side of Brabantio. Another casualty of Iago’s intuitively keen sense of propensity is Cassio, whose inherent vanity falls prey to Iago’s schemes. His desire for popularity is first revealed when he is convinced by Iago to drink, being goaded into believing that â€Å"the gallants desire it† (2.3.32), thus falling victim to his own desires to be well-liked. He is edged to drink more as Iago sings a song of how true soldiers can drink and are therefore real men, and again later, by Montano who swears that he will drink as much as Cassio can. Cassio, as the wine loosens his tongue, later demonstrates that he feels he is better than others because of his rank as lieutenant, stating â€Å"For mine own part†¦I hope to be saved† (2.3.87-88), but belittles Iago, saying â€Å"but, by your leave, not before me; the lieutenant is to be saved before the ancient† (90-91). His ego arises again when it is time to leave, and to convince his mates that he was able to drink withou t getting drunk, he states, â€Å"Do not think gentlemen, I am drunk†¦I can stand well enough, and speak well enough† (92-94). Once stripped of his position as lieutenant, Cassio bemoans not his loss of rank, but more-so his loss of reputation. Repeating and lamenting the loss numerous times and he states â€Å"I have lost the immortal part of myself† (2.3.236-237), again demonstrating with his inflated ego that he holds his reputation more important than anything else. Yet it is only through Iago’s manipulations are we shown Cassio’s high regard of himself. Iago’s most important victim is the principal character and protagonist, Othello. Othello has his own vices that are his weakness, an insecurity because of his race, and a jealous, possessiveness of the things that he has earned despite his race. Amongst the things he has won, is his respect and rank amongst the Venetians which he hopes will resolve him in light of his marriage to Desdemona. Yet when asked to speak regarding their courtship, his insecurity requires him to not stand alone in his trial, but to call for collaboration from his bride. His bride is perhaps his most prized possession that he has won, and he is very possessive of the fact that he has won her. He openly flaunts her, kissing her in public when arriving to Cyprus. But when Iago drops the smallest hint of Desdemona’s infidelity, Othello rapidly grasps the idea and allows it to eat away at his love. Iago begins as simply as saying that Cassio had stolen away â€Å"guiltylike† (3.3.41) when th ey spot him talking to Desdemona, and this was enough to froth Othello’s insecurity and jealousy. As Othello’s insecurity regarding Desdemona’s fidelity grows, it feeds his jealousy and possessiveness of her. Othello’s insecurity in his color makes him question if it is a reason for her stray, saying â€Å"for I am black, and have not those soft parts of conversation that chamberers have†¦she is gone† (3.3.279-83). His possessiveness is demonstrated in the same stanza, â€Å"That we can call these delicate creatures ours and not their appetites! I had rather be a toad†¦than to keep a corner in the thing I love for others’ uses† (285-89). His jealousy incites him to charge Iago with the slaying of Cassio for adultering his wife, and to strangle Desdemona himself that night in bed. Had it not been for Othello’s vices, his insecurity, jealousy, and possessiveness, Iago would have never been able to prey upon his love. If Othello had been able to think clearly, without the tainting of delusive emotions, he may have steered clear of Iago’s fallacious accusations and found truth in Desdemona. However, Iago instrumented Othello’s flaws to his own advantage and thus destroyed Othello’s judgment. As Iago so brutally manipulated each character to their own demise, he fulfilled his own prophesy during the very first scene, â€Å"I am not what I am† (1.1.67). He fools the other characters that injudiciously call him â€Å"honest† Iago, but also fools the audience who believe that he is the most dishonest of all villains. Iago fools the audience into believing that he is most certainly not honest, when in truth, he has, through his deceptions, allowed for the truest and most portrayal of each character, including his own. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice.† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Writing. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 10th ed. New York: Longman, 2007. 1368-1468. Research Papers on "Honest" Iago's Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West MeetBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelThe Hockey GameThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Martin Luther King. Jr. Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay

Martin Luther King. Jr. Letter From Birmingham Jail - Essay Example The Letter from Birmingham Jail, written by Martin Luther King, Jr. from the city jail in Birmingham, Alabama, was a response letter to a dictating statement made by eight Clergymen belonging to the majority white sections. Even while responding to each and every charge of the clergyman, King tries to persuade both the Clergymen as well as the moderate sections of the White population to understand the African-American point of view. From earlier times, the social activists in order to actualize and promote social justice will normally use rhetorical and at the same time persuasive strategies to persuade theirs’ opponents. On those same lines, King in his letter tries to persuade certain sections of the population by adopting Aristotle’s rhetoric devices or three modes of persuasion, Ethos, Pathos and Logos. Martin Luther King exhibits clear and at the same high sense of Ethos in the letter, starting from the first paragraph itself. Ethos in a written or spoken content is related to the characteristics including the morality of the person. He/she would always take moral and fair decisions, without compromising ethics. Although, he states that he and his secretaries may not read and reply to all the criticism letters, he had made attempt to give a reply to this letter by the Clergymen, whom he views as good people and also as he wants to answer in a patient and reasonable mindset. â€Å"I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statements in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms.† (King 1). Through these words, King gives importance to the Clergymen, and this valuing will surely make these Clergymen favourably consider King’s response letter. The other aspect of Ethos is to represent himself/herself as an equivalent to their counterparts and importantly to prove that he/she has the power to handle the affairs and the authority to represent his /her people. King puts forward this aspect by stating how he has served as the President of the Southern Christian Leadership conference, and how that tenure proves that he has apt authority to represent the African-Americans in any level of talks. (King 2). Furthermore, King likens him as a prophet of freedom like Paul, who has been given the authority by his people to represent and talk for them. â€Å"Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid.† (King 3). This elevation of himself, again shows that he is better endowed and understanding person, who can exhibit the mindset and views of the African Americans effectively. To further impress upon the Clergymen and also the moderate sections about their suppression and plight, and how they have to be understood and treated fairly, King uses Pathos. King tries to evoke Pathos by pointing out in vivid details how the daily lives of the African Americans is becoming living hell due to the brutalities, carr ied out by the majority sections. â€Å"But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim.† (King 14). By pointing out how even a small child has not remained unaffected by the oppression carried out by the Whites, he further evokes sympathy. â€Å"†¦when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your sex-year-old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television† (King 14). Through these lines, King wants to showcase to the Clergymen, who criticised him, how his fellow men and woman are struggling to live a life with respect. Pathos was again used as a mode of persuasion in the latter part of the letter, when he talks about how the Police gravely assaulted and repressed the harmless African-Americans. â€Å"†¦if you had seen its dogs sinking their teeth into unarmed, nonviolent Negroes†¦i f you were to see them slap and kick old Negro men and young boys†