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Karl Marx s The German Ideology - 2228 Words

In The German Ideology, Karl Marx explores and attempts to shape a definition of ideology. Marx says that ideology is the production of ideas, of conceptions, of consciousness, all that men say, imagine, conceive (Blunden). Marx goes on to say that this includes language of politics, laws, morality, religion, metaphysics, etc. (Leitch 655). Subscribing to the idea of base and superstructure, Marx identifies ideology as the superstructure of a civilization. The dominating ideas of a society are what fabricates our conventions and culture. Marx finds, to not much surprise, that the dominant ideas of the time are determined by the dominant, ruling class. Marx claims that the dominant and ruling class is dominant and ruling because of the ideas that are really just an ideal representation of the dominant material relationships. Marx, being a leader in political and economical theory, yearned to understand the structure of ideas that form the ideology of our past and present, and even made predictions for our future. One common theme in ideology of past and present is the idea of a dominant social class over another. In order to keep the lower social class subservient to the upper class, ideology works to obfuscate the exploitation and, in more serious cases, the violence that occurs between the classes. Consider the exploitation that occurred between the slaves and owners in tribal society, the peasantry and nobles in feudal society, and occurs between the proletariatShow MoreRelatedThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1507 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx A German philosopher, economist, journalist and revolutionary scientist, Marx was best known for his work in economics. He laid the foundations for today s theories of labor and capital. The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital were among the most famous of his published works. Born to a middle-class family in Trier, Prussia in 1818, his parents were Jewish, but converted to Christianity in 1816 due to strict anti- Jewish laws. He was baptized as a Christian at the age of six but laterRead MoreThe Root Of Female Subjugation1258 Words   |  6 PagesMarlee Taylor Taylor1 02/26/15 ANT3302 SEC9618 Dr. Khadidja Arfi Paper One: Marx Engels Identifying the root of female subjugation in society is a conundrum that extends over numerous decades and on into present day, time and time again. Some scholars and feminists have frequently deemed the biological make-up of woman and their aptitude to reproduce the source of gender oppression. It seems the natural ability to give birth is often contended whether or not to be a restrictive factorRead MoreWhy Marx s Social Theory Place So Much Emphasis On Class Conflict And The Economic Aspects Of Society? Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes Marx s social theory place so much emphasis on class conflict and the economic aspects of society? Karl Marx is one of the most influential and revolutionary philosopher, economist and sociologist of the 19th century. His thoughts not only shaped our understandings of the capitalistic world but also created a new system of social organization, communism. His ideology also defined the key political figures of the cold war period such as Stalin, Mao and Castro. Without Marx, theRead MoreThe Left And The Right Wing1575 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent? How exaggerated will their ideas be considering that both ideologies were influenced by the same principles. Would they have the same methods and goals? Are they all the same, that there s no point in finding the differences between a traditional conservatives and a reactionary? Or are they simply contradicting themselves? Looking at the radical side of the political spectrum we are faced with the theories of Karl Marx, who rejected the idea of a capitalist form of government due to theRead MoreManifesto Of The Communist Party920 Words   |  4 Pagesdrafted as, â€Å"Manifesto of the Communist Party†, is a pamphlet written by Karl Marx, that in essence reflects an attempt to explain the goals and objectives of Communism, while also explaining the concrete theories about the nature of society in relation to the political ideology. The Communist Manifesto breaks down the relationship of socio-economic classes and specifically identifies the friction between those classes. Karl Marx essentially presents a well analyzed understanding of class strugglesRead MoreKarl Marx And The German Ideology1713 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx was born on May 5th, 1818, in Trier, Germany. (Rà ¼hle, 1943) He was a university scholar who gained knowledge in topics such as philosophy, law and history. (Rà ¼hle, 1943) Marx eventually switched from studying law to study philosophy, in which he gained his doctorate degree at Jena in. (Calhoun, Gerteis, Moody, Pfaff, Virk, 2012) Marx was known for being not only a social critic but also an economist. Marx is also known to have close working ties to Frederick Engels, a fellow sociologistRead More Biography of Karl Marx Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesBiography of Karl Marx Karl Marx was a professional intellectual and philosopher. Throughout Marxs life, chance meetings with other professional intellectuals and philosophers helped guide Marx to his final destination. Although Marx died in March of 1883, some 122 years ago, his theories are still being studied, and in some cases, used in some governments. In his lifetime Marx explored many different social settings and groups. His final accumulation of work can be found inRead MoreKarl Marx, The Philosopher, And Revolutionary Socialist1068 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx was the philosopher, social scientist, and revolutionary socialist during the 19th century. He was born in Prussia, on May 5, 1818, into a wealthy middle-class family. His father was disqualified from being a lawyer because he was Jewish so he converted to another religion. Karl attended a Lutheran Elementary School, but later became a non-believer of any God and a person that believes physical matter is all that is real. Karl graduated from Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium at the age seventeenRead MoreKarl Marx And The German Ideology1437 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Long before our time, two prominent German philosophers emerged at the forefront of ideology and thinking. These two men were Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche who pioneered the idea of truths, religion, reality, etc. Karl Marx’s essay, â€Å"The German Ideology,† otherwise known as Marxism, focused upon the materialistic processes that brought life into our world and the abuse of the burgeouse on the proletariat. This theory later went on to found the core beliefs of communism and playedRead More Biography of Karl Marx Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesBiography of Karl Marx Karl Marx, the author of the Communist Manifesto, is viewed to be one of the greatest social thinkers of his time. His social, political and economical thoughts are still highly regarded today. The life of this man is stamped with many accomplishments and ideas that have been adopted by many prominent figures. As a historian, philosopher, and revolutionary, Karl Marx has helped shaped the society of the past, present and future. Karl Marx was born

The Relationship between Education and Income Free Essays

I TheRelationship between Educion and Income The basic aim of this study is to analyze the link between instruction and income degree. For this ground primary information of marketing staff of Engro Corporation was gathered. This research included 40 functionaries of Engro Corporation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship between Education and Income or any similar topic only for you Order Now We gave study paper or questionnaire to all of them and besides informed them the ground behind this study so they give right replies. Introduction Education is the chief pillar for any country’s economic sustainability. Education ever play a major function in promotion of any state. Education plays a cardinal function in heightening human values of any state. In many parts of the universe, instruction is good known as built-in portion of human rights. Now instruction is considered more of import than of all time because the universe is going a planetary small town so more and more competition is out at that place. Technology and new innovations are distributing by each passing twenty-four hours. Therefore to get by with this challenge of progress tech epoch states need to bring forth more and more educated and gifted population. As a consequence, poorness and favoritism eliminates itself. For all underdeveloped states it’s of import to transport out all possible attempts to educate their people. Resulting in better homo life criterions, better economic growing and more and more productiveness in all economic sectors. Pakistan as a developing state, it’s in country’s favour to increase literacy rate which automatically decrease poorness ratio in state and addition and prolong societal well-being. With each passing twenty-four hours, demand of skilled and educated workers is increasing in all parts of the universe. This demand proves that both instruction and income are built-in portion of each other. More educated people in state consequences more ratio of income per capita. As literacy rate in Pakistan is really low as comparison to SAARC states. In past few old ages Pakistan authorities seeking to diminish this illiteracy spread. To accomplish this end Government of Pakistan is increasing figure of schools and enrolling good experienced and skilled instructors in all states of Pakistan. More over authorities chief accent is on primary instruction, as primary instruction is the anchor of instruction construction. Due to all these attempts by the authorities, in recent old ages encouraging consequences are popped up. But still there is long long manner to travel. Besides one instruction system is the demand of clip so that every pupil get equal chance to acquire same criterion of instruction so there is no favoritism and stumbling among rich and hapless. Some other factors besides leave immense impact on degree of income. Training and experience despite of the instruction are besides really of import portion to increase or keep degree of income. The degree of demand that exists for the type of labour you are skilled/trained/educated to supply. How long you have been making that peculiar occupation, senior status societal networking and dependability are besides really of import portion. This study is based upon following aims: To detect the verifiable nexus between instruction and income degree. To detect link between the variables itself. To detect short tally relationship between variables. To detect the possibility of causality effects between the variables in Pakistan. Population The population is infinite for this research and all the marketing staff of Engro corporation of Pakistan is included in the population. Target population The population which is traveling to be studied here are the selling employees of Engro corporation of Pakistan Appropriate sampling Techniques A ) Simple Random Sampling The appropriate ground to utilize the simple random trying that, it allows each point in the population to be included in the sample with equal chance of being selected. B ) Stratified trying It is appropriate as the selling staff of Engro corporation of Pakistan can be divided into different groups on the footing of their appellation, inducements and some other similarities. After doing these groups any component from any group can be selected in the sample. C )Convenience Sampling As no planning is required for this sampling and the research worker can choose any sample which is most convenient for him or her so this sampling technique can besides be used. Adopted Sampling Technique Convenience sampling is adopted for this research The restriction involved in this sampling is that, any sort of biasness could go on during trying. For illustration, convenience sample can take to the under-representation or over-representation of peculiar groups within the sample. Sample Size for Current Study 40 selling forces are selected as a sample for this research Nature of Datas The nature of informations for this research is primary. Data aggregation tools/Sources As the nature of informations is primary for research so: The questionnaire was used for the aggregation of informations and it is given bellow Gender Male ( B ) Female 2 ) What is your instruction degree? ( a ) Matriculation ( B ) Bachelors or below ( degree Celsius ) Maestro or above 3 ) What is your per month income? ( a ) Below 20,000 ( B ) 20,000 to 40,000 ( degree Celsius ) Above 40,000 2 ) The inquiries for this research are self created and these are selected for the questionnaire because they are relevant to our research. 3 ) Numerical graduated table is used for the above questionnaire because it is largely used for ordinal informations or where there is some interval in the information. Data disposal Procedure As the information under our consideration is primary so: The questionnaire were delivered to the respondents by manus. We told the respondents about our research intent so they were ready to give serious response. By manus the questionnaires were collected back from the respondents Software for Data Analysis SPSS is used for the analysis for the information in this research. Calciferolata Analysis Descriptive Statisticss Nitrogen Mean Std. Deviation instruction 40 1.6250 .74032 income degree 40 2.0000 .78446 Valid N ( list wise ) 40 income degree Frequency Percentage Valid Percentage Accumulative Percentage below 20000 12 30.0 30.0 30.0 20000 to 40000 16 40.0 40.0 70.0 above 40000 12 30.0 30.0 100.0 Entire 40 100.0 100.0 The information shows In the sample of 40 selling forces ofEngrOCorporation of Pakistanthere are 12 employees whose income is below the 20000 and 16 employees holding income in between 20000 to 40000 and there are merely 12 employees who are holding the income above 40000. Education Frequency Percentage Valid Percentage Accumulative Percentage matriculation 21 52.5 52.5 52.5 unmarried mans or below 13 32.5 32.5 85.0 Masterss or above 6 15.0 15.0 100.0 Entire 40 100.0 100.0 The information shows In the sample of 40 selling forces ofEngrOCorporation of Pakistanthere are 21 employees holding matriculation grade and 13 are unmarried mans and merely 6 holding the maestro grades. gender Frequency % Valid % Accumulative % male 33 82.5 82.5 82.5 female 7 17.5 17.5 100.0 Entire 40 100.0 100.0 The information shows In the sample of 40 selling forces ofEngro Corporation of Pakistanthere are 33 employees are male and merely 7 are females. Education degree ( Variable ) N=40 Mean=1.6250 Standard Deviation=0.74032 Income degree ( Variable ) N=40 Mean=2 Standard Deviation=0.78446 . SecondtatisticalHypothesiss The best manner to find whether a statistical hypothesis is true would be to see the whole population. Since that is frequently impractical, research workers use a random sample from the population. There are two types of statistical hypotheses. Null hypothesis. The void hypothesis, denoted by H0, is normally the hypothesis that sample observations result strictly from opportunity. Alternate hypothesis. The alternate hypothesis, denoted by H1or Ha, is the hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by some non-random cause. Study Hypothesis The hypothesis for this research is ( H1 ) Income degree is dependent of instruction. ( Ho ) Income degree is independent of instruction Appropriate Analysis In our research we are seeking to happen out the independency of income degree with regard to the instruction so the trial of independency ( Chi-square ) will be used for the analysis of the above said subject. Chi-Square Trial Education Observed N Expected N Residual Matriculation 21 13.3 7.7 unmarried mans or below 13 13.3 -.3 Masterss or above 6 13.3 -7.3 Entire 40 img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1565757.003.png" Chi Square trial give us the undermentioned tabular arraies in it the Observed Frequency of matriculation employees are 21 and Expected Frequencies 13.3 the remainders are 7 and 13 ascertained frequences of unmarried mans and remainders are -3 and in Masterss 1303 are observed and -7.3 remainders mean the informations are non explicating them. Income degree Observed N Expected N Residual below 20000 12 13.3 -1.3 20000 to 40000 16 13.3 2.7 above 40000 12 13.3 -1.3 Entire 40 Trial Statisticss instruction income degree Chi-Square 8.450a .800a Df 2 2 Asymp. Sig. .015 .670 a. 0 cells ( .0 % ) have expected frequences less than 5. The lower limit expected cell frequence is 13.3. The Chi Square expression is X2 = ( O – Tocopherol ) 2/E where O is the Ascertained Frequency. Tocopherol is the Expected Frequency in the corresponding class is  ­sum of df is the â€Å" grade of freedom † ( n-1 ) X2 is Chi Square. As the value of chi-square for instruction is greater than 0.5 so it is concluded that the income degree is dependent of instruction so void hypothesis is rejected for this research†¦ Hydrogenistogram A histogram is a graphical representation of the data..the informations should be quantitative veriables. It is foremost introduced by Karl Pearson. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1565757.004.png"/ The figure shows the information is usually distributed and histogram is symmetric or normal. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1565757.005.png"/ In the instance of Education the figure shows the histogram is right skewed and more educated employees holding more income and less educated employees holding low income. Calciferoliscussion andConclusion We get a Equation as Simple Equation: More Education = More Income The findings indicate that instruction factors play a important function in doing income.there is direct relation ship between income and instruction as the income addition instruction besides addition. Besides suggest that giving more to instruction is to cut down the degree of income inequality within a country..As state can construct a strong foundation for economic success by puting in instruction. States can increase the strength of their economic systems and their ability to turn and derive high-wage employers by puting in instruction and bettering figure of knowing employees. Investing in instruction is besides best for province s in the long tally, since workers with higher incomes make portion more through revenue enhancements over the class of their life-times. So in Pakistan there is demand to increase Govt budget for instruction so everyone can acquire instruction.As largely people have low income either by ain ego or parents so they don’t continue their surveies so literacy rate is up and frailty versa income degree low.in our state as instruction disbursals is really high a adult male holding low income cann ot continue the ducation and cant participate in growing of economic system of their state. Calciferolirections for future Research 1.Future research should see some other veriables like accomplishments, experience, competency, diligence, fortune, 2.It should be addressed to increase the apprehension. 3.This survey was merely on corporate sector of Pakistan, but it should be conducted in other sectorsof state. 4.In this stresearch information was primary holding few variables ; if this restriction can be increase in the hereafter so consequences will be moreaccurate. 5. Future research should be done into different Sectors so as to detect the consequence of income on instruction at international degree. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1565757.006.jpg"/ How to cite The Relationship between Education and Income, Essay examples

Strategic Outsourcing - Leveraging Knowledge Capabilities @VMI

Questions: 1. Explain how P Gs use of VMI is structured and how VMI is employed to help reduce bullwhip and improve supply chain co-ordination. 2. List using bullet points the likely reasons that resulted in demand versus supply variance at Cisco. Draw a diagram of the new supply chain arrangement. Tabulate the possible advantages and disadvantages of this new approach? 3. Identify a key order winner for HP, P G and Xilinx. Explain how the supply chain for each organisation is constructed (or could be constructed) to support this order winner. Answers: 1. Procter and Gamble (PG), founded in the year 1837 in Cincinnati, of Ohio, leads in the production of everyday used products worldwide. It has almost 129,000 employees working globally serving people with almost 300 brands (Pgeveryday.com, 2015). The company deals with the manufacture of cosmetics, beauty products, deodorants and antiperspirants, hair care products, personal cleansing products, hair colour, skin care products and hair styling products as well. Few of the recognised brands under PG are Wella, Pantene, and Olay (Pgshop.com, 2016). It also provides personal care products for men, products related to health care, household products, products for family care and fabric care. The company functions in 180 countries approximately through the retailers (Pg.com, 2016). Recently, the managers of the supply chain noticed demand fluctuations on a high note for various key brands that included diapers Pampers as well. After proper examination by the managers, it was found that though the consumer purchase rate was relatively constant, the order variability increased upstream at a significant rate. For the betterment of supply within the chain, PG brought in a new system known as the vendor-managed inventory system (VMI). This strategy is widely accepted and has gained much popularity within the industry of consumer goods (Esper and Russell Crook, 2014). PG is a recognisable company among the other goods industry selling consumer products. It has utilised VMI to ensure proper customer coordination for 30 years or more. By the introduction of this system, the sale of diapers reached 75000 per week from 25000 per week within a period of three weeks (PG bizjournals, 2015). This system provides ample beneficial opportunities to the manufacturers as well as the retailers (Ross, 2013). PG is always focused on improvement and that is why they decided to shift to a modernized VMI platform and chose Data alliance as the partner because it provides a cost-effective and flexible solution. PG is devoted to increased sales value within the integrated supply chain, and VMI, being an important element plays a vital part in achieving the desired objective (Esper and Russell Crook, 2014). Bullwhip effect states that the variability in demand increases as someone moves upward in a supply chain. The phenomenon means that information and goods dont move according to the quantity required within the chain of supply. VMI creates coordination between the participant and the producer (Brow, Bessant and Lamming, 2013). 2. Cisco is a major manufacturing component that produces electronic products, under the technology company, Xilinx. Previously, Xilinx supplied the components through technology business distributors like Avnet (Cisco.com, 2015). At a certain point of their relationship, a variance was noted between quantities of components supplied and produced by Xilinx and quantities needed by Cisco through the distributors. This happened due to the following reasons: Major downturn took place in the market and much time was needed by the industry (electronics) to recover. Lean behaviour dictated low inventories. Excess standardisation eliminated product differentiation. Redundancy increased cost which was not affordable by the customers. The quality of the products degraded in making the product quick and fast to the market that reduced reliability from the customers. The above mentioned factors caused a variation in the demand and supply chain (Ross, 2013). LAM or Lean Assets Management enhances the chain of supply of Cisco through proper analysis of the process and initiation of enabled technologies that improves the level of service, costs of operation, risks and inventory investments (Heizer and Render, 2014). The following diagram illustrates the new supply chain: Service Level Costs of Operation Risks Inventory Investments Figure 1: New Supply Chain Model (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012) The advantages that can be derived from the above diagram are (Fawcett, S.E., Ellram, L.M. and Ogden, J.A., 2014): The levers have the ability to be pulled jointly or individually to improve the quality of performance thereby increasing the productivity. Organisational objectives can be achieved through proper strategies or service level. The operational costs can be made affordable to expect best returns in terms of inventory investments. Costs can be reduced to provide fundamental break-fix services. It enables new value-added services of higher margin. Customer intimacy increases, thereby increasing the product usage. It satisfies the needs of the customers at the earliest. Outsourcing reduces the level of risks within the company by handing over various ill-performed tasks that were performed previously by the company to experts of the third party (Hill, Jones and Schilling, 2014). This particular supply chain also has certain limitations (Crandall, Crandall and Chen, 2015). They are: This management system is quite expensive because the expertise that is needed at all organizational levels comes at high premium investments rates. It heavily depends on outsourcing that proves disadvantageous because heavy cost is incurred in receiving materials from the business entity or third party. Variety and customer preferences suffer when unit costs are minimised. This is a traditional method of mass production which is not accepted by the modern, sophisticated customers who prefer variety in the products they demand. Modern customers follow the recent or latest trend that is highly affected by the lean method in the chain of supply (Ross, 2013). 3. The problems of inventory reduction and time for order fulfillment faced by Hewlett-Packard (HP) were reduced by implementing Velocity Factor. The areas where the improvements were done were a reduction in inventory of raw materials, an increase in performance of on-time delivery, drop in time of fulfilling orders and reducing response time for the factories. It was realised that improvements in the above mentioned areas helped HP to maintain the top most position in the competitive sector but more actions were needed to lead the industrial era in the near future. The main problem faced by HP was coordinating supply with demand. The two key elements of this problem were firstly: components erosion over time was of high value and secondly demand pattern was inherently volatile. Most of the products had a unique pattern and these unique elements would become highly obsolete if such products were left unused. Common elements faced and suffered erosion of high value due to the high pa cing industry (Bastin, 2014). To reduce these difficulties, flexibility was required at the floor level to obtain inventory sitting as well as becoming obsolete. Hewlett-Packard needed to sketch a substitute model of production-planning in order to cope up with high variability. It was then they designed velocity factor whose underlying concepts are disaggregating the process of order fulfillment, parallel processing, outsourcing and workforce flexibility. They made a change in their process of supply chain by implementing the use of late differentiation. These changes helped HP to maintain the leading position in the target market (Esper and Russell Crook, 2014). Now coming to the PG group, it has its own business strategies to elude people and improve their chain of supply (Esper and Russell Crook, 2014). The core strengths of PG are in understanding target consumers, coming out with innovative ideas, building the brand name, scaling the products, going for a proper market survey and increasing productivity (PG Market Research, 2015). To understand the customers and their requirements, proper research is done on a daily basis to serve them better. This helps in better communication with the target consumers (Bastin, 2014). Creating innovative products is a major component of winning a place in the market. The contributions from the external sector help the company to gain consistent recognition day by day. PG being a leading brand, it focuses on product categories to improve them. Its main strengths have been already discussed. Across the globe, they have various recognisable brands with very high annual sales. PG is recognised as the leader of the industry in a number of fields that include company strategies that are clear, brands with a definite purpose, business fundamentals with a strong base and innovative programs and household products. PG has a large-scale business as it covers a wide area globally. This allows in sharing knowledge, transferring technologies, optimising the flow of resources and spending to serve customers in the best way by improving productivity and efficiency. Productivity is made systematic by improving cash performance and sales profit, enabling ongoing investment for proper business growth, creating innovative products and introducing new markets and channels (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012). Xilinx, is a technology company in America, which supplies logic devices for programming. As the demand for logic devices continued growing, Xilinxs profits and revenues also started growing. The company that provided funds to Xilinx was bought by Xilinxs main competitor AMD. This resulted in the expansion of the company area to about 13,400 meter square in California to compete with companies like Apple Inc., HP, Sun Microsystems and IBM (Hoovers.com, 2015). It has tools designed in modern techniques, to provide the best results desired by the potential consumers (Xilinx.com, 2016). For a perfect order win, all the above mentioned companies should follow few priorities in the competitive field along with the operational strategies. They should offer affordable costs, proper safety, flexibility in rules, wide range of goods, increasing demands, improved quality of goods and services, recognisable brands, speedy delivery of products, variability in the products or services sold, proper environment for selling goods, technical support and after-sales service to potential customers to gain their trust and thereby maintain long-term relationships with them. The strategies they should adopt include alternative designs and processing types, outsourcing and integration of supply chain, inventory investments, trade-off analysis and improved technology (Bowersox, 2013). Support services, work force, compensation system and innovation levels help in improving the infrastructure of these companies. References Brown, S., Bessant, J. and Lamming, R. (2013).Strategic Operations Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Carter, C.R. and Liane Easton, P., 2011. Sustainable supply chain management: evolution and future directions.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,41(1), pp.46-62. Esper, T. and Russell Crook, T. (2014). Supply Chain Resources: Advancing Theoretical Foundations and Constructs.J Supply Chain Manag, p.n/a-n/a. Fawcett, S.E., Ellram, L.M. and Ogden, J.A., 2014.Supply chain management: from vision to implementation. London: Pearson. Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012.Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan Hill, C., Jones, G. and Schilling, M., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hubbard, G., Rice, J. and Galvin, P., 2014.Strategic management. Pearson Australia. Kovacevic, R., Pflug, G. and Vespucci, M. (2013).Handbook of risk management in energy production and trading. New York: Springer. Quinn, J.B. and Strategy, E.S., 2013. Strategic outsourcing: leveraging knowledge capabilities.Image,34. Ross, D.F., 2013.Competing through supply chain management: creating market-winning strategies through supply chain partnerships. Springer Science Business Media. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R. and Magazine, M. eds., 2012.Quantitative models for supply chain management(Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2011.Concepts in strategic management and business policy. Pearson Education India. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge